The New Indian Journal of OBGYN. 12(1):132-135

Demographic characteristics, risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in placenta accreta spectrum - a retrospective study

Himasree M, Susmitha Thota, Sree Lakshmi Garaga, Ramadevi Surapu

ABSTRACT

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum is a complex obstetrical entity of abnormal adherence of placenta associated with maternal mortality and severe morbidity. The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum is on increasing trend over past few years. Aim: This study aimed to analyze demographic characteristics, risk factors predisposing to placenta accreta spectrum and to study maternal and foetal outcome of these patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Government General Hospital, a tertiary care referral hospital between November 2019 to October 2021. Results: The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum was 0.8 per 1000 maternities with 8 patients (53.33%) in the age group of 25 to 29 years. Nine patients (60%) were second gravida. Twelve patients (80%) had previous cesarean deliveries. Thirteen patients (86.66%) had co-existing placenta praevia. Only 7 patients (46.66%) were booked. Eleven patients (73.33%) required cesarean hysterectomy. Five babies (33.33%) required NICU admission. Three maternal deaths occurred and all these 3 patients were unbooked. Conclusion: Previous cesarean delivery and co-existing placenta praevia are identifiable risk factors for placenta accreta spectrum. Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum is associated with improved maternal and foetal outcome as it allows multidisciplinary team approach during management.