The New Indian Journal of OBGYN. 12(1):45-49

Cytomorphological analysis of cervical Pap smear findings - a hospital based retrospective study

Ninza Das, Chandan Jyoti Saikia, Susmita Sarma, Hemakanta Dev Sarma, Balmiki Datta

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of cancer related mortality among women, particularly in low resource settings. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, interpreted using the Bethesda system, is an effective tool for early detection of precancerous and malignant lesions, enabling timely intervention. Objective: To assess and categorize cervical cytological findings using the Bethesda system, determining the prevalence and spectrum of epithelial cell abnormalities in screened women. Materials and methods: This retrospective study analyzed Pap smears received at the department of pathology, FAAMCH, Barpeta from January 2023 to December 2024. Relevant clinical data were collected from requisition forms, case sheets, outpatient slips and direct patient interviews wherever necessary. Results: Out of 651 Pap smears, the most common category was negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM). Infective pathologies such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis were also frequently noted. Epithelial abnormalities included ASC-US, LSIL, HSIL and carcinoma. LSIL was found in 52 years old female, while ASCUS, HSIL and carcinoma predominated in women over 55. Presenting symptoms included vaginal discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding and lower abdominal pain, though some cases were asymptomatic. Conclusion: Pap smear screening, with standardized Bethesda system reporting, effectively detects both infections and epithelial abnormalities. Its implementation is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer, particularly in asymptomatic women.